promethazine

proe-METH-a-zeen

Oral route(Syrup)

Promethazine hydrochloride plain oral solution should not be used in pediatric patients less than 2 years of age because of the potential for fatal respiratory depression. Exercise caution when administering to pediatric patients 2 years of age and older and use at the lowest effective dose. Avoid concomitant use of other drugs with respiratory depressant effects .

Oral route(Tablet)

Promethazine hydrochloride should not be used in pediatric patients less than 2 years of age because of the potential for fatal respiratory depression. Exercise caution when administering to pediatric patients 2 years of age and older and use at the lowest effective dose. Avoid concomitant use of other drugs with respiratory depressant effects .

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Phenergan


• Promacot

Available Dosage Forms:

• Syrup


• Tablet


• Elixir

Therapeutic Class: Gastrointestinal Agent

Pharmacologic Class: Antihistamine

Chemical Class: Aliphatic

Uses For promethazine

Promethazine is used to relieve or prevent the symptoms of hay fever, allergic conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eye), and other types of allergy or allergic reactions. It works by preventing the effects of a substance called histamine, which is produced by the body. Histamine can cause itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. It can sometimes close up the bronchial tubes (air passages of the lungs) and make breathing difficult .

Promethazine is also used to prevent and control motion sickness, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. In addition, it may be used to help people go to sleep and control their pain or anxiety before or after surgery or other procedures .

Promethazine may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor .

promethazine is only available with your doctor's prescription .

Before Using promethazine

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For promethazine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to promethazine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of promethazine in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established in children below 2 years of age. Caution should be used when promethazine is given to children 2 years of age and older .

Geriatric

Insufficient information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of promethazine in geriatric patients. However, elderly patients may be more sensitive to the side effects of promethazine (such as confusion and severe drowsiness) than in younger adults, and are more likely to have age-related heart or blood vessel disease, liver problems, and kidney disease, which may require adjustment of dosage in patients receiving promethazine .

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking promethazine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using promethazine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

• Cisapride


• Dronedarone


• Grepafloxacin


• Mesoridazine


• Metoclopramide


• Pimozide


• Sparfloxacin


• Thioridazine

Using promethazine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Alfuzosin


• Amiodarone


• Amitriptyline


• Amoxapine


• Apomorphine


• Arsenic Trioxide


• Asenapine


• Astemizole


• Azithromycin


• Chloroquine


• Chlorpromazine


• Ciprofloxacin


• Citalopram


• Clarithromycin


• Clomipramine


• Clozapine


• Crizotinib


• Dasatinib


• Desipramine


• Disopyramide


• Dofetilide


• Dolasetron


• Droperidol


• Erythromycin


• Fentanyl


• Flecainide


• Fluconazole


• Gatifloxacin


• Gemifloxacin


• Granisetron


• Halofantrine


• Haloperidol


• Hydromorphone


• Ibutilide


• Iloperidone


• Imipramine


• Isradipine


• Lapatinib


• Levofloxacin


• Levorphanol


• Lithium


• Lopinavir


• Lumefantrine


• Mefloquine


• Methadone


• Metrizamide


• Morphine


• Morphine Sulfate Liposome


• Moxifloxacin


• Nilotinib


• Norfloxacin


• Nortriptyline


• Octreotide


• Ofloxacin


• Ondansetron


• Oxycodone


• Paliperidone


• Pazopanib


• Pentamidine


• Perflutren Lipid Microsphere


• Posaconazole


• Procainamide


• Procarbazine


• Prochlorperazine


• Propafenone


• Protriptyline


• Quetiapine


• Quinine


• Ranolazine


• Salmeterol


• Saquinavir


• Sodium Phosphate


• Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic


• Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic


• Solifenacin


• Sorafenib


• Sotalol


• Sunitinib


• Tapentadol


• Telavancin


• Telithromycin


• Terfenadine


• Tetrabenazine


• Toremifene


• Tramadol


• Trifluoperazine


• Trimipramine


• Vandetanib


• Vardenafil


• Vemurafenib


• Voriconazole


• Ziprasidone


• Zolpidem

Using promethazine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Belladonna


• Belladonna Alkaloids


• Betel Nut


• Evening Primrose


• Meperidine


• Midodrine


• Phenylalanine

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of promethazine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Brain disease or injury or


• Breathing or lung problems (e.g., asthma) or


• Comatose state (unconscious) or


• Reye's syndrome or


• Sleep apnea, history of—Promethazine should NOT be used in patients with any of these conditions .

• Bone marrow disease or


• Enlarged prostate or


• Glaucoma or


• Heart or blood vessel disease or


• Intestinal tract obstruction or


• Jaundice or


• Liver disease or


• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or history of, or


• Stomach ulcer or


• Urinary tract blockage or difficult urination—Use with caution. promethazine may make these conditions worse .

• Seizure disorders—promethazine may increase the chance of seizures especially in patients who are also using narcotic or anesthetic medicines .

Proper Use of promethazine

promethazine can be taken with food or a glass of water or milk to lessen stomach irritation if necessary.

Dosing

The dose of promethazine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of promethazine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For oral dosage form (tablets):
  
  • For allergy symptoms:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—12.5 milligrams (mg) before meals and at bedtime; or 25 mg at bedtime as needed.
    
    
    • Children 2 years of age and older—Your doctor will determine dose based on the weight and/or size of the child. The dose is usually 6.25 to 12.5 mg three times a day; or 25 mg at bedtime as needed.
    
    
    • Children younger than 2 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor .
    
    
  
  
  • For prevention of motion sickness:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—25 mg twice daily; this initial dose should be taken one-half to one hour before traveling. The dose may be repeated eight to twelve hours later if needed. On other days of travel, 25 mg may be taken on arising and again before the evening meal.
    
    
    • Children 2 years of age and older—Your doctor will determine dose based on the weight and/or size of the child. The dose is usually 12.5 to 25 mg one-half to one hour before traveling. The dose may be repeated eight to twelve hours later if needed.
    
    
    • Children younger than 2 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor .
    
    
  
  
  • For nausea and vomiting:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—25 mg for the first dose, then 12.5 to 25 mg every four to six hours if needed.
    
    
    • Children 2 years of age and older—Your doctor will determine dose based on the weight and/or size of the child. The dose is usually 0.5 mg per pound of body weight (1.1 mg per kg) or 12.5 to 25 mg every four to six hours as needed.
    
    
    • Children younger than 2 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor .
    
    
  
  
  • For sedation:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—25 to 50 mg.
    
    
    • Children 2 years of age and older—Your doctor will determine dose based on the weight and/or size of the child. The dose is usually 12.5 to 25 mg.
    
    
    • Children younger than 2 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor .
    
    
  
  
  • For control of pain or anxiety before or after surgery:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—50 mg the night before surgery; 25 to 50 mg after surgery.
    
    
    • Children 2 years of age and older—Your doctor will determine dose based on the weight and/or size of the child. The dose is usually 0.5 mg per pound of body weight (1.1 mg per kg) or 12.5 to 25 mg the night before surgery or after the surgery.
    
    
    • Children younger than 2 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor .
    
    
  
  

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of promethazine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Precautions While Using promethazine

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure promethazine is working properly. Blood tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects .

promethazine may affect blood sugar levels. If you notice a change in the results of your blood or urine sugar tests or if you have any questions, check with your doctor .

promethazine may cause some people to become dizzy, lightheaded, drowsy, or less alert than they are normally. Even if taken at bedtime, it may cause some people to feel drowsy or less alert on arising. Make sure you know how you react to promethazine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not alert .

promethazine will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that make you drowsy or less alert). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for hay fever, other allergies, or colds; sedatives, tranquilizers, antidepressants, or sleeping medicine; prescription pain medicine or narcotics; barbiturates; medicine for seizures; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your medical doctor or dentist before taking any of the above while you are taking promethazine.

Check with your doctor right away if you have symptoms of pale or blue lips, fingernails, or skin; difficult or troubled breathing; irregular, fast, slow, or shallow breathing; or shortness of breath. These could be signs of a condition called respiratory depression .

Check with your doctor right away and stop taking your medicine (if directed by your doctor) if you have muscle stiffness, fever, difficult or fast breathing, seizures, fast heartbeat, increased sweating, loss of bladder control, unusually pale skin, or tiredness or weakness. These may be symptoms of a serious condition called neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) .

Before you have any medical tests, tell the medical doctor in charge that you are taking promethazine. The results of some tests may be affected by promethazine .

promethazine may cause dryness of the mouth. For temporary relief, use sugarless candy or gum, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including tooth decay, gum disease, and fungus infections .

promethazine may make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Use a sunscreen when you are outdoors. Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds .

promethazine controls nausea and vomiting. For this reason, it may cover up some of the signs of overdose caused by other medicines or the symptoms of encephalopathy or Reye's syndrome. This will make it difficult for your doctor to diagnose these conditions. Make sure your doctor knows that you are taking promethazine .

promethazine Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Stop taking promethazine and get emergency help immediately if any of the following effects occur:

Rare - Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome; two or more occur together; most of these effects do not require emergency medical attention if they occur alone

• Convulsions (seizures)


• difficult or unusually fast breathing


• fast heartbeat or irregular pulse


• high fever


• high or low (irregular) blood pressure


• increased sweating


• loss of bladder control


• severe muscle stiffness


• unusually pale skin


• unusual tiredness or weakness

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Incidence not known

• Abdominal or stomach pain


• black, tarry stools


• bleeding gums


• blood in urine or stools


• bloody nose


• blurred vision


• chest pain or discomfort


• chills


• clay-colored stools


• confusion as to time, place, or person


• cough or hoarseness


• dark urine


• decreased awareness or responsiveness


• difficulty or troubled breathing


• double vision


• fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse


• fever with or without chills


• fixed position of eye


• headache


• heavier menstrual periods


• high fever


• holding false beliefs that cannot be changed by fact


• hyperexcitability


• increased or decreased blood pressure


• increased sweating


• irregular, fast or slow, or shallow breathing


• itching


• large, hive-like swelling on face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or sex organs


• lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting


• loss of appetite


• loss of bladder control


• lower back or side pain


• mimicry of speech or movements


• mutism


• nasal stuffiness


• nausea


• negativism


• nightmares


• noisy breathing


• not breathing


• painful or difficult urination


• pale or blue lips, fingernails, or skin


• peculiar postures or movements, mannerisms or grimacing


• pinpoint red spots on skin


• seeing double


• seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there


• seizures


• severe muscle stiffness


• severe sleepiness


• shortness of breath


• skin rash


• slow or irregular heartbeat


• sore throat


• sores, ulcers, or white spots on lips or in mouth


• sticking out of tongue


• swollen glands


• tightness in chest


• tremors


• uncontrolled twisting movements of neck


• unpleasant breath odor


• unusual bleeding or bruising


• unusual excitement, nervousness, or restlessness


• unusual tiredness or weakness


• vomiting of blood


• wheezing


• yellow eyes or skin

Symptoms of overdose

• Discouragement


• dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up from a lying or sitting position suddenly


• dry mouth


• excessive muscle tone


• feeling of warmth


• feeling sad or empty


• irritability


• lack of appetite


• loss of interest or pleasure


• muscle tension or tightness


• overactive reflexes


• pupils of eyes large and not moving or responding to light


• redness of the face, neck, arms and occasionally, upper chest


• shakiness and unsteady walk


• sudden death


• trouble concentrating


• trouble sleeping


• unconsciousness


• unsteadiness, trembling, or other problems with muscle control or coordination


• unusual paleness

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

Incidence not known

• blistering, crusting, irritation, itching, or reddening of skin


• continuing ringing or buzzing or other unexplained noise in ears


• cracked, dry, scaly skin


• dizziness


• drowsiness


• excitation


• false or unusual sense of well-being


• hearing loss


• hives or welts


• increased sensitivity of skin to sunlight


• lack of coordination


• loss of strength or energy


• muscle pain or weakness


• redness or other discoloration of skin


• relaxed and calm


• sunburn


• swelling


• unable to sleep


• vomiting

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: promethazine side effects (in more detail)

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More promethazine resources

• Promethazine Side Effects (in more detail)
• Promethazine Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Promethazine Drug Interactions
• Promethazine Support Group
• 67 Reviews for Promethazine - Add your own review/rating

• Promethazine MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Promethazine Prescribing Information (FDA)


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• Phenergan Consumer Overview


• Phenergan Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Promethazine Hydrochloride Monograph (AHFS DI)


• Promethegan Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare promethazine with other medications

• Allergic Reactions
• Anaphylaxis
• Hay Fever
• Light Sedation
• Motion Sickness
• Nausea/Vomiting
• Opiate Adjunct
• Sedation
• Urticaria
• Vertigo